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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding-bottom: 0.15em;">Word Document</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Icon as used in <a href="Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> 9.0 and 2002</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">Filename extension</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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doc</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Media_type" title="Media type">Internet media type</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><div class="monospaced">

application/msword<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier (UTI)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">com.microsoft.word.doc<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">12.0<br>20 August 2024<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-08-20</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-ms-doc-specification_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-doc-specification-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Type of format</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="Document_file_format" title="Document file format">document file format</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><a href="Container_format" title="Container format">Container for</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">Text, Image,Table</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Extended from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="Compound_File_Binary_Format" title="Compound File Binary Format">Compound File Binary Format</a> (since 97)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;">Extended to</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;"><a href="Microsoft_Office_XML_formats" title="Microsoft Office XML formats">Microsoft Office XML formats</a>, <a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height: 1.2; padding-right: 0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="Open_file_format" title="Open file format">Open format</a>?</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height: 1.35;">Yes</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>.doc</b> (an abbreviation of "<a href="Document" title="Document">document</a>") is a <a href="Filename_extension" title="Filename extension">filename extension</a> used for <a href="Word_processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word processing">word processing</a> documents stored on <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>'s <a href="Proprietary_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Proprietary format">proprietary</a> <b>Microsoft Word Binary File Format</b>; it was the primary format for Microsoft Word until the <a href="Microsoft_Office_2007" title="Microsoft Office 2007">2007</a> version replaced it with <a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> <code>.docx</code> files.<sup id="cite_ref-ms-doc-specification_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-doc-specification-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft has used the extension since 1983.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p><a href="Binary_file" title="Binary file">Binary</a> DOC files often contain more <a href="Text_formatting" class="mw-redirect" title="Text formatting">text formatting</a> information (as well as <a href="Script_(computer_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Script (computer programming)">scripts</a> and undo information) than some other <a href="Document_file_format" title="Document file format">document file formats</a> like <a href="Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">Rich Text Format</a> and <a href="Hypertext_Markup_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypertext Markup Language">Hypertext Markup Language</a>, but are usually less widely <a href="Computer_compatibility" title="Computer compatibility">compatible</a>.

</p><p>The DOC files created with <a href="Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> versions differ: Word for Windows 1.0 and 2.0 uses a format that was changed in the following Word 6.0 and 95 ("7.0") releases. DOC was changed once again into an <a href="Object_Linking_and_Embedding" title="Object Linking and Embedding">OLE</a> and <a href="Compound_File_Binary_Format" title="Compound File Binary Format">CFBF</a>-based format used from Word 97 ("8.0") to 2003 ("11.0"). Word for <a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> used its own specific DOC format.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In order to allow users of Word 6.0 and Word 95 to be able to open and read documents created in the newer (97–2003) format, Microsoft released the downloadable Word 97 Import Converter.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In <a href="Microsoft_Word_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Word 2007">Microsoft Word 2007</a> and later, the binary file format was replaced as the default format by the <a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a> (<code>.docx</code>) format, though Microsoft Word can still produce and open DOC files. Microsoft released the Office Compatibility Pack allowing users of Word 2003, 2002, 2000 and 97 to open the new format as well as edit and save them.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern versions of Word can also open documents in the pre-97 DOC formats, but should be manually enabled in the File Block Settings.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Application_support">Application support</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Comparison_of_word_processors" class="mw-redirect" title="Comparison of word processors">Comparison of word processors</a></div>

<p>The DOC format is native to Microsoft Word. Other <a href="Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processors</a>, such as <a href="OpenOffice.org_Writer" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenOffice.org Writer">OpenOffice.org Writer</a>, <a href="IBM_Lotus_Symphony" title="IBM Lotus Symphony">IBM Lotus Symphony</a>, <a href="Pages_(iWork)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pages (iWork)">Apple Pages</a> and <a href="AbiWord" title="AbiWord">AbiWord</a>, can also create and read DOC files, although with some limitations. <a href="Command_line_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line interface">Command line</a> programs for <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems that can convert files from the DOC format to plain text or other standard formats include the <a href="Wv_(software)" title="Wv (software)">wv</a> library, which itself is used directly by <a href="AbiWord" title="AbiWord">AbiWord</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specification">Specification</h2></div>

<p>Because the DOC file format was a closed specification for many years, inconsistent handling of the format persists and may cause some loss of formatting information when handling the same file with multiple word processing programs. Some specifications for Microsoft Office 97 binary file formats were published in 1997 under a restrictive license, but these specifications were removed from online download in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Specifications of later versions of Microsoft Office binary file formats were not publicly available. The DOC format specification was available from Microsoft on request<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since 2006<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under restrictive <a href="Reasonable_and_non-discriminatory_licensing" title="Reasonable and non-discriminatory licensing">RAND-Z</a> terms until February 2008. <a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a> and <a href="OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a> <a href="Reverse_engineering" title="Reverse engineering">reverse engineered</a> the file format.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On February 15, 2008, Microsoft released a .DOC format specification<sup id="cite_ref-ms-doc-specification_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ms-doc-specification-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the <a href="Microsoft_Open_Specification_Promise" title="Microsoft Open Specification Promise">Microsoft Open Specification Promise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this specification does not describe all of the features used by DOC format and reverse engineered work remains necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2008 the specification has been updated several times; the latest change was made in May 2022.

</p><p>The format used in earlier, pre-97 ("1.0" 1989 through "7.0" 1995) versions of Word are less known, but both OpenOffice and LibreOffice contain open-source code for reading these formats. The format is probably related to the "Stream" format found in similar Excel versions.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Word 95 also seems to have an OLE-wrapped form.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_.doc_file_formats">Other .doc file formats</h2></div>

<p>Some historical documentations may use the DOC filename extension for plain-text files, indicating <a href="Documentation" title="Documentation">documentation</a> for software or hardware. The DOC filename extension was also used during the 1980s by <a href="WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a> for its proprietary format.

</p><p><i>DOC</i> is sometimes used by users of <a href="Palm_OS" title="Palm OS">Palm OS</a> as shorthand for PalmDoc, an unrelated format (commonly using PDB filename extension) used to encode text files such as <a href="Ebook" title="Ebook">ebooks</a>.

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<ul><li><a href="Docx" class="mw-redirect" title="Docx">docx</a>, the file format used by modern versions of Word</li>

<li><a href="De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard"><i>De facto</i> standard</a></li>

<li><a href="Dominant_design" title="Dominant design">Dominant design</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/gnu/www/software/mswordview/MSWordView.html">"A Word 8 converter for Unix"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opennet.ru/docs/formats/wword8.html#01">"Microsoft Word 97 Binary File Format"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wictorwilen.se/Post/Royaltyfree-specifications-for-Microsoft-Office-binary-file-formats.aspx">"Royalty-free specifications for Microsoft Office binary file formats"</a>. 4 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.msdn.com/b/brian_jones/archive/2008/01/16/mapping-documents-in-the-binary-format-doc-xls-ppt-to-the-open-xml-format.aspx">"Mapping documents in the binary format (.doc; .xls; .ppt) to the Open XML format"</a>. 2008-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sc.openoffice.org/compdocfileformat.pdf">"Microsoft Compound Document Format"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a></i>. 2007-08-07.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080218212338/http://www.microsoft.com/interop/docs/officebinaryformats.mspx"><i>Microsoft Office Binary (doc, xls, ppt) File Formats</i></a>, 2008-02-15, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/interop/docs/officebinaryformats.mspx">the original</a> on 2008-02-18</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://download.microsoft.com/download/0/B/E/0BE8BDD7-E5E8-422A-ABFD-4342ED7AD886/Word97-2007BinaryFileFormat(doc)Specification.pdf">"Microsoft Office Word 97 - 2007 Binary File Format Specification (*.doc)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Microsoft Corporation</i>. 2008.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/interop/osp/default.mspx">"Microsoft Open Specification Promise"</a>. <i>Microsoft Corporation</i>. March 23, 2009.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.microsoft.com/kb/840817/en-us">"How to extract information from Office files by using Office file formats and schemas"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJoel_Spolsky2008" class="citation web cs1">Joel Spolsky (19 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014090710/http://joelonsoftware.com/items/2008/02/19.html">"Why are the Microsoft Office file formats so complicated? (And some workarounds)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joelonsoftware.com/items/2008/02/19.html">the original</a> on 2013-10-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-23</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/LibreOffice/core/blob/eaeabd78585c185e58f62be49e5888ef78d94793/sw/source/ui/uno/swdetect.cxx#L68">"LibreOffice/core"</a>. <i>GitHub</i>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc313105(v=office.12).aspx">DOC</a>, <a href=".xls" class="mw-redirect" title=".xls">XLS</a>, and <a href=".ppt" class="mw-redirect" title=".ppt">PPT</a> specifications</li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sc.openoffice.org/compdocfileformat.pdf">Microsoft Compound Document Format</a> - <a href="OpenOffice.org" title="OpenOffice.org">OpenOffice.org</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Multi-purpose_office_document_file_formats124" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multi-purpose <a href="Office_suite" class="mw-redirect" title="Office suite">office</a> <a href="Document_file_format" title="Document file format">document file formats</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Editable document formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Compound_Document_Format" title="Compound Document Format">Compound Document Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Microsoft_Office_XML_formats" title="Microsoft Office XML formats">Microsoft Office XML formats</a></li>

<li><a href="Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">Office Open XML</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">Open Document Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenDoc" title="OpenDoc">OpenDoc</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">OpenDocument</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenOffice.org_XML" title="OpenOffice.org XML">OpenOffice.org XML</a></li>

<li><a href="Revisable-Form_Text" class="mw-redirect" title="Revisable-Form Text">Revisable-Form Text</a></li>

<li><a href="Rich_Text_Format" title="Rich Text Format">Rich Text Format</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniform_Office_Format" title="Uniform Office Format">Uniform Office Format</a></li>

</ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fixed document formats</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Envoy_(WordPerfect)" title="Envoy (WordPerfect)">Envoy</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_XML_Paper_Specification" title="Open XML Paper Specification">Open XML Paper Specification</a></li>

<li><a href="PDF" title="PDF">Portable Document Format</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">Character encoding</a>

<ul><li><a href="ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a></li>

<li><a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-04-21" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Doc_(computing)&oldid=1286629908">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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